501-5. Just take a brief look at the various figures / diagrams shown in this page would be enough. Each virtual network is identified by a unique Data Network Name (DNN), which is used by the 5G core network to route traffic to the appropriate network slice. Followings are the network interfaces connected to AMF and corresponding 3GPP specification. 501 version 15. 510 - Figure 4-1: 5G System architecture > AMF is the center of the whole 5G core network with the most diverse interface with other core network components. Waveform/Modulation. NGSetupRequest: The gNodeB uses this message to establish initial context with the core network. The interface As far as I recall, I have seen many issues even from LTE only cases in later 3GPP release in terms of processing UE capability information in both UE and network (or network simulator) side. 5G Timing Resilliency System . ==> On first look at the 38. 3GPP 23. As shown below, N8 is the This site is for everything on 5G/NR. As shown in the following diagram, NRF has connected to all the 5G Core components in HPLMN and get connected to another NRF in VPLMN with N27 interface. In S1 mode, 4G elements like MME, SGW, PGW are still used. 510 - Figure 4-1: 5G System architecture > Overall Network Architecture. The interface ensures seamless continuity of voice services during inter-RAT handovers between LTE and 5G. In LTE, it was difficult to use the unlicensed spectrum with higher frequency (e. The "Registration Request" message is used by the mobile device to initiate the registration process with the 5G core network. PCF Policy Control Function ==> Equivalent to PCRF in 5G (R)AN (Radio) Access Network. In this note, I will describe about the protocols used for N8 interface/reference point. UDM Unified Data Management ==> Equivalent to HSS in 4G Jan 11, 2024 · The journey of non-terrestrial networks (NTN) toward the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) started years ago in Rel-15 with the first study on scenarios and channel models, followed by another study on architecture in Rel-16. Matlab Toolbox : 5G Library : PRACH / FR2 (120 Khz) Matlab Toolbox : 5G Library : SRS (120 Khz) Matlab Toolbox : 5G Library : CSI-RS. 3. SMF - Session Management Function. 2). It facilitates interworking between 4G's EPC and 5G's NG core, especially for mobility between LTE-EPC and 5G-NR-5GS. Unlike previous generations, 5G networks aim to provide high-accuracy location information, which is critical for various applications, including vehicle navigation, drone control, and the management of robots in factories. Overall RAN architecture of EN-DC can be illustrated as below (this is based on 37. According to TR 38. Evolved Packet Core. I will talk more on the advantage and disadvantage of this architecture later. The goal of the OAI-5G Core Network (CN) project group is to provide a 3GPP-Compliant 5G Standalone (SA) CN implementation with a rich feature set. SS Block(SSB) stands for Synchronization Signal Block and in reality it refers to Synchronization/PBCH block because Synchnronization signal and PBCH channel are packed as a single block that always moves together. This includes the introduction and mainstreaming of 5G Standalone (SA) architectures, the introduction of advanced 5G features, and the eventual evolution toward 6G. Ranging-based Service . Automatic topology mapping and pathology-free routing. UDM Unified Data Management ==> Equivalent to HSS in 4G DN Data Network. The NSA architecture can be seen as a temporary step towards a "full 5G" deployment, where the 5G Access Network is connected to the 4G Core Network. 6. N1 mode is the standalone deployment where the 5G radio connects directly to the 5G core network over the N1 interface to leverage the complete 5G system capabilities. Matlab Toolbox : 5G Library : Slot Structure : Uplink. UPF - User Plane Function. N1 mode requires deploying the new 5G core first. RRC stands for Radio Resource Control. 5G Core Architecture - Enabling Technologies. 5G Core elements. Reduce RAN and Core Network Signaling overhead (especially for Static devices) Network Architecture Evolution: The overall network architecture is anticipated to evolve to support the seamless integration of 5G advancements and the eventual transition to 6G. That is why this architecture is also called 5G core Service-Based Architecture (SBA). <= This is one of the term that confused me a lot when I was reading 5G/NR TDocs. N1 mode refers to the 5G standalone architecture where the 5G core network connects directly to the 5G radio access network, without involvement of the 4G EPC core. < 29. AMF is the center of the whole 5G core network with the most diverse interface with other core network components. The defails of specific components and functionalities will be described in separate notes. RAN / Core Network Connection; Overall Radio Network Architecture; Bearer Architecture for Dual Connectivity between LTE and NR; Cell Layout. EHPLMN. 6 Ghz) and CBRS at least at early phase of deployment. According to 38. DRX. Providing More Flexible Mobility Solution. Network virtualization also enables operators to optimize network resources by dynamically allocating them based on the needs of each virtual network; Cloud Native Architecture: 5G networks are built on a cloud-native architecture, which means that they use virtualization, software-defined networking (SDN), and network functions virtualization Overall Network Architecture. This tutorial is about Authentication process, but it is not much of Authentication algorithm in OTA(Over the air). As you see here, UE is communicating with both LTE eNB and NR gNB in Radio side, but all those communication (signaling and data) are going through LTE core network. 5G/NR System Architecture. This kind of architecture is similar to real network architecture, but many of current mainstream test equipment is not designed like this. OAI 5G CN is designed and implemented in a flexible way which can be easily adapted to fulfill the needs of diversified 5G use-cases. DU. 213 , clause 13). Distributed Unit. 510 - Figure 4-1: 5G System architecture > This site is for everything on 5G/NR. A data-heavy service might get longer slots, while services needing quick response times, like remote surgery or smart factories, might be allocated shorter slots. NEF Network Exposure Function. N1 mode simplifies the architecture with a common core for different access types. Discontinuous Reception. Apr 6, 2021 · The Topics Covered in Part 1 of the Session are :High Level 5G System5G reference point ArchitecturePDU Sessions and QoS Flow5G Network FunctionsAMFSMFUPFPCF SAE (Service Architecture Evolved) Simply put, SAE is just a terminology representing LTE network architecture. In the NSA architecture, the (5G) NR base station (logical node "en-gNB") connects to the (4G) LTE base station (logical node "eNB") via the X2 interface. Integration of Satellite in 5G Network Part 1/2 - 5G Mobile Communications (2022) Integration of Satellite in 5G Network Part 2/2 - 5G Mobile Communications (2022) Thinknet 6G NTN 2022: Non-Terrestrial Networks evolving towards 6G (R&S) - Bayern Innovative GmbH (2022) 3GPP NTN standardization: past, current and future - 5G Forum (2022) 5G/NR - Network Architecture NR CORE - N8. This allows the UE and network to establish the necessary radio bearers to support the desired services. 501 - 5G 5G Networks Providing Access to Localized Services . Reference. EN-DC. DRB. Data Network. 501-AnnexA. The Registration Request message contains important information about the mobile device, and is sent to the 5G core network via the Radio Access Network (RAN) and conveyed to AMF. Additional Support for Essential Functions as Fundamental Attributes of Network Layer. This process ensures that the UE gets the necessary resources and policy treatment for its data traffic. NRF - Network Repository Function. AMF - Access and Mobility Function. DN Data Network. We can think of many different ways to layout 5G/NR cell. 5G devices primarily support N1 mode for optimal performance, but they also support Non-standalone mode (with LTE anchor) for compatibility. While fallback to LTE provides a bridge for voice services in areas where 5G's voice capabilities are still at early stages of the deployment, VoNR represents the future of voice calling in 5G networks, offering a more integrated and efficient use of the new Mar 19, 2021 · 5G was designed from the ground up, and network functions are split up by service. 5G/NR - Network Architecture - AMF AMF is the center of the whole 5G core network with the most diverse interface with other core network components. 1. UDM Unified Data Management ==> Equivalent to HSS in 4G N1 mode allows the network to leverage core 5G features like network slicing, QoS flow management, advanced RAN capabilities etc. QoS in 5G. Enhanced Access to and Support of Network Slices . I put only high level and most critical (most critical to me) in the 'Expected UE behavior' column. 1 and 4. Low Power High Accuracy Positioning for Industrial IoT scenarios 5G/NR - Network Architecture NR CORE - N8. It contains several Information Elements (IEs), each with an id, criticality, and 5G/NR System Architecture. Research in the Future Internet Architecture. As shown below, N8 is the DN Data Network. Jan 22, 2021 · It provides an overview of the 5G New Radio (NR) Non-Standalone network architecture, the new and updated radio access network and core network elements, the parts of the new 5G NR air interface that are used for non-standalone operation, and the mobility management operations to add 5G NR cells to an existing Long Term Evolution connection. Followings This means the 5G network can dynamically adjust the duration of each time slot based on the service's needs. Every parties participating in the communication should exchange a lot of information to make the real data exchange possible. 213 it was not clear to me on how network can configure this value to let UE not to try to decode SIB1, but during the The 5G core network functions like AMF, SMF, UPF are utilized in N1 mode. The N26 interface is an inter-Core Network interface between the 4G LTE's MME and the 5G core's 5GS AMF. Many components in core network would be software based and with this it would become very flexible and accomdate news features in short time frame Formal (3GPP) Definition Recently (as of Jun 2016) there has been a couple of RAN meeting with major focus on 5G and several official technical terms has been defined. SMF Session Management Function. NG-u and NG-c: These are part of the 5G architecture, connecting the gNodeB (gNB) to the 5G Core Network. The larger subcarrier spacings allow for lower latency and support higher-frequency bands, while smaller spacings are suitable for lower-frequency bands and increased coverage. DNN. 2 Trillion (Jul Nov 13, 2022 · The 5G core network is the heart of 5G networking, it provides secure and reliable connectivity to the internet and access to all of the networking services. In most case, they implement the very minimal part of core network capability and integrate it as a part of Radio Protocol Stack. Equivalent Home Public Land Mobile Network. com 5G Definitions; 4G to 5G Evolution LFN Webinar: 5G Dynamic Network Slicing via Open Source Projects (Mar 2021) 5G RAN and 5GC Network Slice Signaling - 5G NR Call Flows (Oct 2021) 5G Network Function - NSSF, AF, NEF & NRF (Oct 2021) 5G Network Function - PCF (Oct 2021) Network Function Virtualisation (NFV) and 5G Network Slicing (Oct 2021) 5G Network Slicing - Deep Dive (Feb 2023) In this case, the field pdcch-ConfigSIB1 may indicate the frequency positions where the UE may (not) find a SS/PBCH with a control resource set and search space for SIB1 (see TS 38. 3, it is agreed/determined as follows : ETSI 3GPP TS 23. By transmitting a preamble, receiving a response, and adjusting timing, the UE achieves uplink synchronization, allowing for further data transmission and network access. Converged Connectivity - ATSSS/5WWC . Energy per resource element. Data Radio Bearer carrying user plane data. sharetechnote. EPRE. 501 - 5G The Session Management Function (SMF) provides session management within a 5G Standalone Architecture (5G SA) core network and, at the highest level, controls creating, modifying, and deleting Protocol Data Units (PDU) sessions. The entire signaling path for Authentication process is UE <-- N1--> AMF <--N12-->AUSF<--N13-->UDM, but the main focus on this note is the core network process along AMF <--N12-->AUSF<--N13-->UDM. 288-Architecture enhancements for 5G System (5GS) to support network data analytics services Simply put, it works as a central registration center (registra) for all the Core Network Components. EUTRA-NR Dual Connectivity. Some of the possible scenario is shown in this section based on TR 38. Mobile business stake holders define three categories of services and . Matlab Toolbox : 5G Library : PUCCH Format 1. In 5G networks, the UE ID is used to identify the UE and its associated subscription information in a specific network slice, while in 4G networks, the UE ID is used to identify the UE and its associated subscription By specifying the DNN, the 5G network knows how to handle and direct the data traffic from the device to the correct destination outside of the 5G core network, applying the right routing rules, security policies, and quality of service parameters for that session. As you know, UE and Network is communicating via radio channel. The basic concept of carrier aggregation and the process of establishing carrier aggregaion in NR is almost same as LTE carrier aggregation. The UE is required to act on the RadioBearerConfig IE and setup, modify or release bearers accordingly. Matlab Toolbox : 5G Library : Slot Structure : Downlink / All Channels. I personally define RRC as a common language that should be understood by both Network and UE. These requirements related with four main mega trends. 804. Core Network Compnents and Interfaces Involved in Authentication. Sep 3, 2018 · This covers the 5G Core network as it is today (after June 2018's publication of Rel 15 stage 3). 0 Release 15 2 ETSI TS 123 501 V15. This site is for everything on 5G/NR. This provides data access from the user equipment (UE) to one or more data networks. Smart Energy and Infrastructure . Diameter Routing Agent. This process is essential for the efficient operation of LTE and 5G networks, ensuring that devices can connect and communicate effectively. EPC. EPS The UE-Initiated PDU Session Establishment process in the 5G Core network is a multi-step procedure that involves several network functions working in tandem to set up a data session for the UE. Sometimes UE fails to generate the well structured UE capability information with huge set of features, especially when the number of carrier aggregation The most frequent difference that I noticed were the different point of observation in overall network architecture and different level of the details. 5G/NR System Architecture is almost same as LTE System Architecture. g, higher than 5 Ghz) since most of LTE frequency specified in 3GPP is below 3 Ghz. It builds upon the principles of VoLTE while taking advantage of the enhanced capabilities of 5G to deliver high-quality, efficient, and versatile The "X2" interface in LTE architecture facilitates communication between two eNBs (evolved Node Bs), handling control (X2-c) and user (X2-u) plane traffic. Vehicle-Mounted Relays . Definition of BWP. I would mostly focus on what kind 5G core network components and which interfaces are involved in this process and the message details being exchanged via N12, N13. So I decided to write a post which can be visuallize the details of overal LTE networks with various different angle so that we can explicitely point of the points on which both parties focus. NR CORE - Authentication . Same component as EPC in LTE(4G) Nemerology : Subcarrier spacing (Frequency Domain Structure). Initially, the 5G system architecture is required with very diverse and extreme requirements. Field Test OTA(Over The A ir) Release 16 Release 17 Massive MIMO ? WhyMassiveMIMO ? Propagation Model 5G Success 5G Challenges Acronyms s Qualcomm Video The 5G Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) is a feature introduced in 5G networks to support positioning services. UDM Unified Data Management ==> Equivalent to HSS in 4G QuickReference - 5G/NR Home : www. e, NSA : Non-Stand Alone) was a good idea and it might be a very important factors to show such an amazing speed of provisioning 5G service, but it would be a factor that slow down 5G Core Network deployment. The 5G core network architecture is based on a service-based model, utilizing cloud-native and virtualized network functions. 5GC Deployment Architectures - SA and NSA. 5G core network has numerous essential functions for mobile networking like mobile management, subscriber data management, authorization, authentication policy management, etc. 5, A carrier bandwidth part is defined as follows : Carrier Bandwidth Part is a contiguous set of physical resource blocks,selected from a contiguous subset of the common resource blocks for a given numerology(u) on a given carrier. More simply put, SAE = LTE Network -:). This flexibility improves the efficiency and responsiveness of the 5G The UE-Initiated PDU Session Establishment process in the 5G Core network is a multi-step procedure that involves several network functions working in tandem to set up a data session for the UE. 4. 510 - Figure 4-1: 5G System architecture > 2. NSSF Network Slice Selection Function. 3. < Case 5 > 1T=1R, or 2T=2R, or 4T=4R Number of SRS ResourceSet = upto two number of SRS ports for each resource is equal to 1, 2, or 4. Overall Network Architecture. 5G Core Architecture - SBA and Point-to-Point. Those are the explosion of date traffic, the rapid increase of number of devices, the increase of cloud's dependency, and the advent of new various mobile converged services. UDM Unified Data Management ==> Equivalent to HSS in 4G The N26 interface is an inter-Core Network interface between the 4G LTE's MME and the 5G core's 5GS AMF. Learn about QoS in 5G Networks by Paul Shepherd; Qos in 5G (Quality of service in 5G) - Part 1 (YouTube) Qos in 5G (Quality of service in 5G) - Part 2 (YouTube) QoS (Quality of Service) in 5G (YouTube) SERVICE DATA ADAPTATION PROTOCOL (SDAP) (YouTube) 3GPP 38. NG-u handles user plane data, while NG-c deals with the control plane. Cell Selection . . It contains several Information Elements (IEs), each with an id, criticality, and This site is for everything on 5G/NR. S1 mode retains the overlapping 4G and 5G cores. If you are already familiar with LTE protocol stack or general concept of radio protocol stack, you would not need to spend too much time in reading this page. 804 (Ref ) section 5. Yes, 5G networks can support voice calls through two different technology known as EPS Fallback(EPSFB) or Voice over New Radio (VoNR). Data Network Name (Same as APN name in LTE) DRA. HetNet(Heterogeneous Network) HSS (Home Subscriber Server) Inter Cell Interference : Fundamental/General; ICIC/eICIC (Inter-Cell Interference Coordination/Enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination) Idle Mode Procedure; IDs in LTE; Integrity Protection; IP Allocation (UE IP, Server IP etc) IP Allocation over ePDG(WiFi Offload) IPv6 Establish Jan 25, 2023 · The 5G core network, as defined by 3GPP, is a cloud-aligned, service-based architecture that encompasses all 5G functions and interactions such as authentication, security, session management and traffic aggregation from end devices. Carrier Aggregation . I think the technical solution to deploy 5G RAN without 5G CN (i. The purpose of this note is to share you with overview of 5G corenetwork. 5 and 24. SS Block in Detail. UDM - Unified Data Management Simply put, it works as a central registration center (registra) for all the Core Network Components. Following is a table listing various reject cause and the expected UE behavior based on 24. There are some 3GPP activity as of now (Dec 2021), there is some AI/ML activity in 3GPP targetted for Rel 18, but as far as I know that activity is mostly for RAN side, not for Core Network (See this note for 3GPP AI/ML). This core network signaling path is highlighted in blue ellipse and red lines shown Once the setup request is processed and accepted by the core network, it responds with an NGSetupResponse, confirming the gNodeB is ready to handle 5G communications. Tactile and multi-modality communication services . NAS / Core Registration Network Slice Core Architecture. Final goal is to converge the core part of existing non-3gpp technolo 5G download speed is now faster than Wifi in seven leading 5G countries (May 2020, OPENSiGNAL) How AT&T, Sprint, T-Mobile and Verizon differ in their early 5G approach (Feb 2020, OPENSiGNAL) Survey: One Third of Mobile Operators Will Deploy 5G Standalone Within Two Years (Mar 2020) Radio Access Network Investments to Surpass $0. 300 - NR and NG-RAN Overall description; Stage-2 => Chapter 12; 3GPP 23. Once the setup request is processed and accepted by the core network, it responds with an NGSetupResponse, confirming the gNodeB is ready to handle 5G communications. PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) As in LTE, NR PDCCH is the physical channel that carries DCI and this would be one of the most important channel which is supposed to be very robust and easily decoded even in harsh radio condition. Dec 12, 2023 · In summary, VoNR architecture is characterized by its integration with the 5G core network, reliance on the IMS, utilization of 5G NR for radio communication, and support for advanced audio codecs. The following 5G network topology diagram shows the key components of a 5G core network: Source: Techplayon Here's how it works: Network Architecture: 5G networks have a different network architecture than 4G networks, which also affects the UE ID. 211 4. Simply put, it works as a central registration center (registra) for all the Core Network Components. N1 mode simplifies the network architecture compared to NSA mode. You will find the various different type of SAE diagram from various source ranging from very simple to extremly complicated one. NextGen Core : Core Network for Next Generation System. com NR CORE - N8 . The network can add new radio bearers, modify the configuration of existing ones, or release radio bearers that are no longer needed. When you power on the mobile device, in most case the device is under a circumstance where it sees many base station (gNB) around it. NRF Network Repository Function. 0 (2018-09) Intellectual Property Rights Essential patents IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. Misc. This core network signaling path is highlighted in blue ellipse and red lines shown Subcarrier Spacing: In 5G NR, the subcarrier spacing can vary from 15 kHz to 960 kHz as of release 17. Network slicing is a technique used in 5G to divide a physical network infrastructure into multiple virtual networks, each with its own resources and quality of service (QoS) requirements. But it Integration of Satellite in 5G Network Part 1/2 - 5G Mobile Communications (2022) Integration of Satellite in 5G Network Part 2/2 - 5G Mobile Communications (2022) Thinknet 6G NTN 2022: Non-Terrestrial Networks evolving towards 6G (R&S) - Bayern Innovative GmbH (2022) 3GPP NTN standardization: past, current and future - 5G Forum (2022) Learn about QoS in 5G Networks by Paul Shepherd; Qos in 5G (Quality of service in 5G) - Part 1 (YouTube) Qos in 5G (Quality of service in 5G) - Part 2 (YouTube) QoS (Quality of Service) in 5G (YouTube) SERVICE DATA ADAPTATION PROTOCOL (SDAP) (YouTube) 3GPP 38. If I represent it graphically, it looks as follows. These two studies paved the way for the introduction of NTN in 3GPP specifications in Rel-17. In some cases UE would be surrounded not by the multiple basestation from one network operator but by the multiple basestation from different Jun 17, 2022 · 5G Architecture || 5G Architecture Overview || 5G Architecture with interface | Complete End two end core network architecture. The main target for 5G Private Network spectrum is likely to be ISM (mainly for 5. 340 - 4. open ran, 5g explained, 5g tec 5G/NR - Network Architecture Home : www. The UE-Initiated PDU Session Establishment process in the 5G Core network is a multi-step procedure that involves several network functions working in tandem to set up a data session for the UE. Converged Network is a collective name for various technologies to utilize 5G core network for the data path (and some control plane in some cases) of non 3gpp communication as illustrated below. 5G Timeline. xn hx kn hu lj wx jn xx fv vq